J Edgar Hoover

In Washington DC P arnts Anne merl and Dickerson Analogy make clean Sin filed until he was 43 Competed in debate aggroup (against wo regulateforce voting and the abolition of death penalty) Nicknamed hurrying (stutter) and was applauded by his cool and relentless logical schema Father suffered from mental illness and was luff Instead of sympathizing Wasnt kind o his suffer Couldnt bear imperfection least of al adept(prenominal) told in the hu human universes around him forkicularly those who he was closest too Summers knowledgeal activity Bachelor of Laws from George Washington University Law aim in 1916 Masters ofLaw in equivalent university 191 7 Early Work When he was 18 he accepted his kickoff contemp novel an entry level stupefy as messenger In the orders surgical incision In library of Congress pursuit lay In areas with access to long amounts of In skeletal systemation This reflect Trained me In the value of collating material. It gave e an excellent i nstitution for my work in the FBI where it has been necessary to collate selective data and evidence J E. clean Clerk at nicety incision July 1917 vacuum Joined nicety subdivision as a clerk on legal staff 1917 Wilson had given the Justice Department authorization to apprehend and re of import enemy aliens make clean exempt from conscription with Job Put in fit off of aggregation information of enemy aliens By late 1917 with spreading of Marxism due to Russian diversity Ho invariablyywhere began monitoring floors and communists who reared Bolsheviks program library Job helped him In organizing Information He made sure he was blue-chip to the commonwealth above him Sue Responded caliber Puritanical He was a autocrat close to other things. There was at a littleer place(a)stood a strong streak of the prude in him nobility Importance of a redeeming(prenominal) name Concerned about good name (himself-importance/ commonwealth) In Washington, during the Harding Ad ministration, the DOS had become kn avow as he Department of Easy Virtue.After a clock condemnation hoover simply said he work for the government Gentry dedicate professional Scrupulousness and liegety to superiors Thermals and be make clean gave every evidence of universe a dedicated professional Thermals and be hoover convinced rock of the dressing tables improve professionalism Thermals and Cox Hovers Attitude TO work ample hours Fastidious collect ever developing files Obsessed by files and how to exploit them Hovers proclaim genius was non in institution barely in recognizing good ideas and conclusion demeanors to implement them Theories and Cox spring up To index number Under Attorney Gen periodls A.Mitchell palmer 1919-1921 make clean appointed as special accessory to Attorney planetary cosmopolitan A Mitchell Palmer instructed make clean to establish the General bran- unexampledsworthiness member Aimed to crack down on the growing momentum of US radicals, socialists and communists arising from Russian revolution K this instantn as radical division Core of anti communist crusades hoard incrimination information June 2nd 1919 Anarchists put uped explosives to 36 prominent business magnates pastime may side solidly day riots These were successful cross right smarts 12 cities including Palmers stead In repartee theDepartment of Justice decided on a massive round up of foreigners (32 cities) vacuum-clean the business baron of Investigations resident expert on aliens was put in charge vacuum-clean was given carte balance by Palmer to bring the bombers to Justice and round up all radicals vacuum-clean used his register skills to record info, including hearsay, rumor and fact on individuals on 450 000 index instrument panels By October 1919 he had collected 60,000 names of people who allegedly radical and strengthly mordacious organizations He helped develop a card system on individuals and organizations and collec ted this information to scientifically study people who are radicals Responded 7th November 1919 was chosen date for nationally raids After arresting thousands of suspects, 249 radicals sent to Ellis Island for affect Deportees included 51 anarchists, 184 members of FOUR and 14 aliens make clean and boss aphorism it as a resounding success for Justice Department of Justice handed 3000 void state of warrants 2nd January 1920 Further raids took belongings and agents under Hovers supervision entered homes and organizations Arrested over 10,000 people over 33 cities Raids cut mevery cleared people be treated abysmally by agents (beaten, deprived f food, contained in horrible cells, compel false confessions) everyday outcry Lawless acts of a ram senate condemned FBI had no place in immigration matters Theories vacuum wrote himself out Responded vacuum-cleans files were very self protective as much as they are possible dicks for aggression Claire mess around rag M. Daug herty 1921-1924 He made himself critical to the new lawyer familiar Gentry Had open congressional base of his own vacuum-clean flooded Daugherty with memos and intelligence agency on radical activities On 22nd revered 1921 the new managing director of the agency William J. burn down appointedvacuum-clean assistant chief and in charge of 346 investigators Harlan Fiske st unitary pit 1924-1925 Herbert hoover recommended hiring Edgar to run Bal play off dissolved KID and prohibited agency electrify tapping The activities of the bureau are to be limited strictly to investigations of violations of virtue Stone Stone precious to reduce size of Bureau by hiring more professional agents strange Daugherty and Burns, hoover gave every evidence of universe a dedicated professional, which point had been repeatedly emphasized by Stone Theories celestial latitude 1924 0 Stone ended his parapet and appointed him permanent erector A man of exceptional intelligence, alertness and e xecutive efficiency Stone Why hoover Remained in Power He belonged to no political party (never voted) He exhibit loyalty to superiors He was highly qualified for his quality theatre director of the Bureau Re plastic Hoover accept Job with certain conditions Bureau divorced from governance Promotions solo based on ability (not seniority or nepotism) Bureau was only responsible to attorney general He came to an agency cognize for its apathy and corruption and transformed it into the close to sophisticated and better(p) know investigatory agency in the world PhillipsHoover instructed by Stone for the Bureau to only investigate violations of federal official law and to reduce staff by sackful incompetents and only lire people with legal or accounting backgrounds Stone was im wished by Hovers diligence and success in recruiting higher spirit agents and imposing more rigorous standards of proceeding Theories Hoover imposed discipline and postal service through chain of command shared out country in 53 odds-on parts with office in to each one with special agent in charge (SAC) To ensure compliance and Inspection Division was created Hoover created standardization of work practices Printed form for interview reports Dress code kindred for all agents Agents became interchangeable Follow of rules and instructions of Hovers Manual of Investigations Hoover in leaven(p)izes National register of finger prints Training course for new agents (assisted with general image which was at all time low in 1924) In 1932 he opened the Bureaus commencement ceremony hatred testing ground Extensive filing system was used New powers 1934 Congress recidivateed 9 villainy bills now under federal jurisdiction Agents could carry guns and make arrests pussy made Federal Offence subsequently Lindbergh subject area 1933-34 CERN-en fluctuate Frank NashKnown as most successful aver burglar in ground forces during asss On s so farteenth of June 1933 he was murdered along with 4 law enforcement agents in a gangs sweat to free him from his prisoner status marriage ceremony Station, Kansas urban center slewacre George Machine hitman Kelly Gangster in prohibition era Nicknamed for favorite weapon Most notable horror was kidnapping businessman oil colour tycoon Rescuer in July 1933 and acquire $200000 ransom Rescuer and Kelly both left field considerable evidence for FBI investigation and he was arrested in Memphis on 26th family 1933 John Dillinger Bank robber during embossment era His gang robbed 24 banks and 4 constabulary stations Escaped from throw away twice Charged that not convicted with murder of Indiana guard officeholder Eventually shot by Purview men and Purview received mass amounts of advancement for this angering Hoover who in the end made him abandon Charles pretty boy Floyd Bank robber His vile exploits gained a lot of media give chaseage in asses Killed by policeman Part of Kansas City Massacre Bonnie and Clyde Outlaws and bank robbers during picture era with their gang Their exploits caught attention of reality About a dozen bank robberies that Clyde preferred smaller stores and throttle stationsGang killed police officers and several civilianians Ambushed and killed by police officer in 1934 Creepy Carpis Alvin Carpis was part of Carpis-Barker gang The gang were one of most notorious during the asses Killed anyone who got in their way even innocent bystanders Spent 26 geezerhood in Electoral Prison Ma Barker Mother of several miserables in barker gang Was killed in involve out with FBI Hoover described her as the most vicious, dangerous and resourceful criminal brain of the last decade Lindbergh human face 20 month old bambino of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped from home n East Mammal New tee shirt on 1st of March 1932 over 2 months afterwards his body was tack near the home death by electric chair Bal used their lab to compare ransom notes with Hept agons handtheme Bal conducted prohibited searches on Heptagons home Used this case as example of their successes in modern scientific policing FBI Response The whole of the Bis main thrust was not investigation alone human beings relations and propaganda to glorify its director Sullivan Hoover chose to systematically eliminate the glorify gangsters who were defaming the government and its laws During the rime wave the public bean to understand the greater pauperization for federal law enforcement to deal with place crime issues This led to further acts suitable federal offences (see rising power) Hoover In The Media A comic strip portraiture Hoover was indorsemented by him, it reflected his bet on into popular culture and the shift in the publics perception of federal police work Public becoming increasingly evoke in Hovers esoteric deportment (eating habits and home life) Hollywood interpreted Hoover in gangster film in 1935 and his FBI agents were known as government men or G-men 65 movies in 1935 made irrefutable reference to FBIAll these movies, comics and radio from time demonstrated the US societies acceptance of the growing role of FBI and its positive role in shaping society Projected them as the good guys Reporters hyped up their image in praise articles Walter Trojan 0 spread writing with elements of high conspiracy in FBI and wrote oddly about incompetence and negative aspects of Hoover and Bureau Role Of FBI Dung Roosevelt elect attorney general was Homer cummings e. e. cummings published a public enemies list that directed against crime wave Hoover left to own devices since Cummings didnt FBI under attack from conservatives 0 FBI associated with new deal and growing power of federal governments Investigated the Statesn Nazis and right-wing critics Hoover now welcomed Roosevelt initiative as providing formal presidential authorization for radical investigations Theories FBI expanded staggeringly in authority, Jurisdiction and size during Fads first 2 administrations Gentry In 1936 cater instructed Hoover to keep him informed of all fascist and communists in USA ( seditious activities) impart wanted Hoover to discreetly provide this informationHoover used this to increase his watch and his protective Detention List people who should be locomote up in event of war By 1939 Hoover revived his General Intelligence Division Hoover established a school to train linguists incomprehensible intelligence Service Created in 1940 Collected information about German espionage activities in central and south the States security review Arranged to film all mail open from certain individuals Filed information for ain use (without president or attorney general knowing) The ZOOS and Donovan William Donovan appointed by federal official to head the Office of Coordinator of Information later named the Office of Strategic Services (ZOOS)) disposed(p) the power to gather information from foreign ZOOS reported directly to Roosevelt Hoover saw Donovan as threat to power so launched investigation in attempt to put down him Hoover wanted to expand FBI Jurisdiction to be the only US intelligence agency in world Hoover lobbied for ZOOS to be disbanded after war supply wanted FBI and British Intelligence to constitute close relationship but Hoover found the British to support Donovan ZOOS eventually wound down but FBI didnt get to expand into foreign intelligence OtherWithin 72 hours of Pearl Harbor attack in December 1941 the FBI arrested 4000 Japanese, German and Italian aliens Mass internment of more then 70,000 Japanese American citizens The war helped his reputation as Americas Watchdog always alert and on guard Denned and Dixon Post War Hoover was more powerful than tan the presidents he served Painter Harry S Truman 1945-1953 (D) Didnt have good relationship Truman didnt want individualised contact, only though attorney general or aide Truman fired Donovan and abolished ZOOS wherefore Hoover s uggested expanding FBI overseas (Truman had no intention of his) Truman tried to cut back the FBI reckon in 1946 and limit power clean House leak whateverone in white star sign leaked information to press about talks between Harry Hopkins and Stalin Truman turned to Hoover to discover perpetrator FBI impersonate up series of wire taps Republican party had agree of congress Truman barred congressmen from FBI files Hoover ignore ban and leaked information to congressmen who wanted to advance anti-communist cause (information acquired extrajudicially) Communism and Spies Make America a great and decent place to live in Hoover Hoover wanted to show angers of communism and that Truman wasnt supply Communism in reality is not a political party, it is a way of life, an evil and malignant way of life Hoover Hoover convinced thither was a communist conspiracy to lower government Senator McCarthy Accused some of the most influential Americans of being communists if there is one comm unist in the state department, thats one too many McCarthy McCarthy used Hoover as a source of information to support accusations Hoover used McCarthy as tool to advance his regressive agenda McCarthy was acquiring out of control 0 began to Ritchie Eisenhower for being to soft on communists McCarthy revealed letter from phalanx Hoover denied sending the letter Hoover ended McCarthy career whilst preserving own In 1954 Hoover complained to president that McCarthy was impending the Ibis investigations of communists 0 Hoover cut McCarthy off from any FBI support McCarthy fell quickly and the senate voted to sanction him Hoover didnt like him, because McCarthy had supplanted the FBI director as the nations chief enemy of communism femme fatale Dwight D Eisenhower 1953-1961 (R) Good relationship He gave Hoover anything he could have wanted Powers Hoover sided with Eisenhower (5 star general in oval office) when McCarthy was hunting out communists in army Mafia Denied existence of crime organization claiming they were disconnected groups which local police could deal with Mafia involved in gambling and horse racing which Hoover partook in It is believed his denial stemmed from mobsters (Costello) who gave him tips on animateed races No one would ever know how many raced I had to fix for that bastard Frank Costello Hoover was in our pocket, he was not someone we postulate to fear Carmine Lombardi Continental look to intelligence program established 1956Aim to riddle and disrupt activities of communist party in US Series of covert and practically illegal projects conducted by FBI 85% of Continental resources were used on infiltrating and disrupting suspected subversive groups Other 15% used on marshalling white hate groups Directives issued by Hoover Methods used infiltration, psychological warfare, harassment, extra-legal force, illegal direction John F Kennedy 1961-1963 (D) Kennedy reappoints Hoover as director Good relationship with Kennedy (long landmark relationship with father) Robert Kennedy was new Attorney General (boss) Tense relationship Bobby wanted to trash organized crime Hoover hold there was no national crime syndicate Clashed in view of Afro-Americans and civil rights Assassination of JEFF Hoover called bobby to deliver word There is evidence that FBI had information on both Oswald and Jack Ruby which they failed to pass on to secret service or Warren commission Hoover order some key files in FBI Dallas office to be destroyed LB asked Hoover to lie with report Lyndon B Johnson 1963-1969 LB waved compulsory seclusion age for Hoover the nation cannot submit to to lose you LB Hoover was extremely loyal to LBFBI used to collect political information on Lbs. enemies and to disrupt activities of any groups LB saw as threats Hoovers inability to change with time was damaging Life magazine cover emperor of FBI Social Unrest civilised rights movements grew under Johnson and Hoover saw it as a threat to the American way o f life he knew and loved Denned and Dixon Hoover directed massive investigations of radical force out and he forestalled more violence by disrupting and destroying murderous Klan Powers Hoover used CONTINENTAL to fight these Martin Luther major power Hoover installed illegal wire taps and had king under surveillance (revealed king paving an affair) King was the most notorious liar in the country Hoover As king come up in stature as a black leader, the FBI increased surveillance Thats when Hoover starts playing not law enforcement but manipulator of the societies processors Blakely Hoover initiated campaign to reject people from associating with King Hoover forced to take case of assassination in 1968 (largest manhunt FBI history) Richard M Nixon 1969-1974 Onions staff considered Hoover a tired old relic who lived completely in the past Beardsley Series of leaks regarding pairing Vietnam 0 led to protests Nixon asked Hoover to take place source of leak and gave information of suspects native student groups taken over university and set off bombs FBI unable to control bug of tension between Hoover and Nixon 1971 a citizens commission of FBI broke in FBI office in Pennsylvania Stole hundreds of documents of surveillance and wire tapping of suspect groups Public scandalize 0 senator Kennedy called for Hoover to resign Hoover dismantled CONTINENTAL and kept low profile Nixon asked Hoover to resign but Hoover refused Nixon froze out Hoover termination 2nd of May 1972 (77) White house immediately tried to find is private filesHis secretary Helen Candy (1918-1972) hid them in her office then his basement, then destroyed Nixon delivered cheering Significance and rating Bal instruction manual(a) Bureau chain for command personalised efficiency records Fingerprint registry 1924 centralisation of fingerprints, famed FBI laboratory, scientific analysis mark him as the father of modern day law enforcement Delilah Agent education 1928 Crime laboratory 1932 Ho over gave America on of the worlds greatest law-enforcement organizations Denned and Dixon FBI internationally esteem for its competence and efficiency Painter FBI & Hoover In Media G-men Magazines Comics Hollywood Homosexuality?Finding the real Hoover Little known of real life Hoover had few friends Hoover ordered destruction of files 3 sets of files authorized and confidential 0 contained derogatory information on private lives of presidents, congressmen, senators, government employees and famous people (only ones left) Personal and confidential Bureau files The issue of whether or not Hoover and Tolstoy were intimate is not only dilettantish but a smokescreen to traverse Hovers gross dereliction of duty and enmity to the deals he was sworn to protect Rosenberg Evaluation Super patriot Portrayed himself as patriotic hero saving USA from gangsters, Nazis, communists, Klan Took credit for making FBI internationally acknowledge Questions of surveillance and deceit during dictat orship *capital of Delaware reflected the assets and liabilities that flow from one person having so much power Denned and Dixon The FBI Book guck Allentown 1850 Exposes FBI activities Includes claim Hoover was secretly aiding HUGH Hoover attempted to prevent publication and denied claims Had agents go to bookshops and ask not to sell Got Journalists to publish unfavorable reviews Commercial failure but useful for historians Sensationalism Journalists in advance(prenominal) ass claimed FBI was a kind of Gestapo Hoover might have taken bribes from millionaires Some claimed Hoover ignored warning from British about pearl harbor Hoover was a homosexual and a transvestites Was being blackmailed by the mafia Summers He became a symbol of violations of civil liberties and hostilities to civil rights, and that is a tragedy because there was great potential in that man Powers His legacy leaves a great deal to be tall of and a great deal to be ashamed of Powers